See rust in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "rust" }, "expansion": "English: rust", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: rust" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "roost", "3": "roust" }, "expansion": "Scots: roost, roust", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: roost, roust" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "rust" }, "expansion": "Old English rust", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*rust" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rust", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rustaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustaz", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English rust, rūst, from Proto-West Germanic *rust, *rost, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "nouns", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "rust", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "rust (uncountable)", "name": "enm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "rusten" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "rusty" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "42 12 14 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "29 27 15 29", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Metallurgy", "orig": "enm:Metallurgy", "parents": [ "Metals", "Technology", "Matter", "All topics", "Chemistry", "Nature", "Fundamental", "Sciences" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "36 20 22 22", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Fungi", "orig": "enm:Fungi", "parents": [ "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "rust (oxidisation of iron or steel)" ], "id": "en-rust-enm-noun-u6i7qcot", "links": [ [ "rust", "rust#English" ], [ "iron", "iron#English" ], [ "steel", "steel#English" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "29 27 15 29", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Metallurgy", "orig": "enm:Metallurgy", "parents": [ "Metals", "Technology", "Matter", "All topics", "Chemistry", "Nature", "Fundamental", "Sciences" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Moral degeneration." ], "id": "en-rust-enm-noun-VgubJP~m", "links": [ [ "Moral", "moral" ], [ "degeneration", "degeneration" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(figurative) Moral degeneration." ], "tags": [ "figuratively", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Horticulture", "orig": "enm:Horticulture", "parents": [ "Agriculture", "Botany", "Applied sciences", "Biology", "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "29 27 15 29", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Metallurgy", "orig": "enm:Metallurgy", "parents": [ "Metals", "Technology", "Matter", "All topics", "Chemistry", "Nature", "Fundamental", "Sciences" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A fungal disease of plants." ], "id": "en-rust-enm-noun-lIbnF63y", "links": [ [ "horticulture", "horticulture" ], [ "fungal", "fungal" ], [ "disease", "disease" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(horticulture) A fungal disease of plants." ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "agriculture", "business", "horticulture", "lifestyle" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/rust/" }, { "ipa": "/ruːst/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "rost" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "roste" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "roust" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "rouste" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "ruste" } ], "word": "rust" } { "etymology_number": 2, "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "verb" }, "expansion": "rust", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "rusten" } ], "categories": [ { "_dis": "29 27 15 29", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Metallurgy", "orig": "enm:Metallurgy", "parents": [ "Metals", "Technology", "Matter", "All topics", "Chemistry", "Nature", "Fundamental", "Sciences" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of rusten" ], "id": "en-rust-enm-verb-DGnorUY2", "links": [ [ "rusten", "rusten#Middle_English" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "word": "rust" }
{ "categories": [ "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Middle English verbs", "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries", "enm:Fungi", "enm:Metallurgy" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "rust" }, "expansion": "English: rust", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: rust" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "roost", "3": "roust" }, "expansion": "Scots: roost, roust", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: roost, roust" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "rust" }, "expansion": "Old English rust", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*rust" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rust", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rustaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustaz", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English rust, rūst, from Proto-West Germanic *rust, *rost, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "nouns", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "rust", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "rust (uncountable)", "name": "enm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "rusten" }, { "word": "rusty" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "rust (oxidisation of iron or steel)" ], "links": [ [ "rust", "rust#English" ], [ "iron", "iron#English" ], [ "steel", "steel#English" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Moral degeneration." ], "links": [ [ "Moral", "moral" ], [ "degeneration", "degeneration" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(figurative) Moral degeneration." ], "tags": [ "figuratively", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "enm:Horticulture" ], "glosses": [ "A fungal disease of plants." ], "links": [ [ "horticulture", "horticulture" ], [ "fungal", "fungal" ], [ "disease", "disease" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(horticulture) A fungal disease of plants." ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "agriculture", "business", "horticulture", "lifestyle" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/rust/" }, { "ipa": "/ruːst/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "rost" }, { "word": "roste" }, { "word": "roust" }, { "word": "rouste" }, { "word": "ruste" } ], "word": "rust" } { "categories": [ "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English verbs", "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries", "enm:Fungi", "enm:Metallurgy" ], "etymology_number": 2, "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "verb" }, "expansion": "rust", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "rusten" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of rusten" ], "links": [ [ "rusten", "rusten#Middle_English" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "word": "rust" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.